Humerus

These articles have been recommended as excellent sources of educational information. The permission of each varies.

• Surgical Techniques: Distal Humerus Fractures Author: Jeffrey Anglen, MD Journal: JAAOS Volume: Vol. 13, No. 5, Sept 2005, pp 291-297
   
• Articular Fractures of the Distal Part of the Humerus Author: David Ring, Jesse B. Jupiter and Lawrence Gulotta Journal: JBJS Volume: Vol. 85-A, No. 2, Feb 2003, pp 232-238
   
• Coronal Shear Fractures of the Distal End of the Humerus Author: Michael D. McKee, Jesse B. Jupiter and H. Brent Bamberger Journal: JBJS Volume: Vol. 78-A, No. 1, January 1996, pp 49-54
   
• Olecranon Osteotomy for Exposure of Fractures and Nonunions of the Distal Humerus  Author: David Ring, MD,* Lawrence Gulotta, BA,* Kingsley Chin, MD,† and Jesse B. Jupiter, MD* Journal: JOT Volume: Vol. 18, No. 7, Aug 2004, pp 446-449
   
• Functional outcome following surgical treatment of intra-articular distal humeral fractures through a posterior approach. Author: McKee MD, Wilson TL, Winston L, et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2000 Dec;82-A(12):1701-7.
   
• Comparison of outcomes after triceps split versus sparing surgery for extra-articular distal humerus fractures. Author: Illical EM, Farrell DJ, Siska PA, et al. Injury. 2014 Oct;45(10):1545-8.
   
• Distal Humeral Fractures Treated with Noncustom Total Elbow Replacement Author: S. Kamineni and Bernard F. Morrey Journal: JBJS Volume: Vol. 87-A, Supp 1, Part 1, March 2005, pp 41-50
   
• Internal Fixation Versus Arthroplasty of Comminuted Fractures of the Distal Humerus Author: William T. Obremskey, Mohit Bhandari, Douglas R. Dirschl, and Emil Shemitsch Journal: JOT Volume: Vol. 17, No. 6, pp. 463–465, 2003
   
• A comparison of open reduction and internal fixation and primary total elbow arthroplasty in the treatment of intraarticular distal humerus fractures in women older than age 65. Author: Frankle MA, Herscovici D Jr, DiPasquale TG, et al. J Orthop Trauma. 2003 Aug;17(7):473-80.
   
• Open Reduction And Internal Fixation Versus Total Elbow Arthroplasty For The Treatment Of Geriatric Distal Humerus Fractures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.   Author: Githens M, Yao J, Sox AH, Bishop J.   J Orthop Trauma. 2014 Aug;28(8):481-8.
   
• A Multicenter, Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Trial of Open Reduction-Internal Fixation Versus Total Elbow for Displaced Intra-Articular Distal Humeral Fractures in Elderly Patients.  Author: McKee MD, Veillette CJ, Hall JA, et al. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2009;18(1):3-12.
   
• Dual Plating for Fractures of the Distal Third of the Humeral Shaft. Author: Prasarn ML, Ahn J, Paul O, Morris EM, Kalandiak SP, Helfet DL, Lorich DG. J Orthop Trauma. 2011 Jan;25(1):57-63.
   
• A Clinical Comparison of Two Different Double Plating Methods for Intraarticular Distal Humerus Fractures.  Author: Shin SJ, Sohn HS, Do NH.  J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2010 Jan; 19(1):2-9.
   
• Biomechanical evaluation of methods of internal fixation of the distal humerus. Author: Schemitsch EH, Tencer AF, Henley MB. J Orthop Trauma. 1994 Dec;8(6):468-75.
   
• Surgical Treatment of Intra-Articular Fractures of the Distal Part of the Humerus. Functional Outcome After Twelve to Thirty Years.   Author: Doornberg JN, van Duijn PJ, Linzel D, et al.  J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2007;89(7):1524-1532.
   
• Extra-Articular Distal-Third Diaphyseal Fractures of the Humerus. A Comparison of Functional Bracing and Plate Fixation.   Author: Jawa A, McCarty P, Doornberg J, Harris M, Ring D.J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2006 Nov;88(11):2343-7.
   

HUMERAL SHAFT

• Fractures of the Shaft of the Humerus. Author: Klenerman L. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1966 Feb;48(1):105-11.
   
• Fractures of the Humerus with radial nerve paralysis.  Author: Holstein A, Lewis GM. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1963 Oct;45:1382-8.
   
• Radial Nerve Palsy Associated with Fractures of the Shaft of the Humerus: A Systematic Review. Author: Shao YC, Harwood P, Grotz MR, Limb D, Giannoudis PV.J Bone Joint Surg Br. 2005 Dec;87(12):1647-52.
   
• Radial nerve palsy caused by open humeral shaft fractures. Author: Foster RJ, Swiontkowski MF, Bach AW. J Hand Surg Am. 1993 Jan;18(1):121-4.
   
• Functional Bracing of Fractures of the Shaft of the Humerus.   Author: Sarmiento A, Kinman PB, Galvin EG, Schmitt RH, Phillips JG.    J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1977 Jul;59(5):596-601.
   
• Functional Bracing for the Treatment of Fractures of the Humeral Diaphysis Author: A. Sarmiento, J. B. Zagorski, G. A. Zych, L. L. Latta & C. A. Capps Journal: JBJS Volume: Vol. 82-A, No. 4, April 2000, pp 478-486
   
• Outcome after Closed Functional Treatment of Humeral Shaft Fractures Author: Radford Ekholm, MD,* Jan Tidermark, MD, PhD,* Hans To¨rnkvist, MD, PhD,* Johanna Adami, MD, PhD,† and Sari Ponzer, MD, PhD* Journal: JOT Volume: Vol. 20, No. 9, Oct 2006, pp 591-596
   
• Humeral shaft fractures: retrospective results of non-operative and operative treatment of 186 patients. Author: Mahabier KC, Vogels LM, Punt BJ, et al. Injury. 2013 Apr;44(4):427-30.
   
• Surgical Versus Non-Surgical Interventions for Treating Humeral Shaft Fractures in Adults.   Author: Gosler MW, Testroote M, Morrenhof JW, Janzing HM. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Jan 18;1:CD008832.
   
• Risk Factors for Fracture Mobility Six Weeks After Initiation of Brace Treatment of Mid-Diaphyseal Humeral Fractures.   Author: Neuhaus V, Menendez M, Kurylo JC, Dyer GS, Jawa A, Ring DJ Bone Joint Surg Am. 2014 Mar 5;96(5):403-7.
   
• Fracture Site Mobility at 6 Weeks After Humeral Shaft Fracture Predicts Nonunion Without Surgery. Author: Driesman AS, Fisher N, Karia R, et al. J Orthop Trauma. 2017 Dec;31(12):657-662.
   
• Surgical Exposures of the Humerus Author: Dan A. Zlotolow, MD, Louis W. Catalano III, MD, O. Alton Barron, MD, Steven Z. Glickel, MD Journal: JAAOS Volume: Vol. 14, No. 13, Dec 2006, pp 754-765
   
• Lateral Approach to the Humeral Shaft: An Alternative Approach for Fracture Treatment Author: Mills, William J.; Hanel, Douglas P.; Smith, Douglas G. Journal: JOT Volume: Vol. 10, No. 2, Feb 1996, pp 81-86
   
• Alternative Operative Exposures of the Posterior Aspect of the Humeral Diaphysis with Reference to the Radial Nerve. Author: Gerwin M, Hotchkiss RN, Weiland AJ.    J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1996; 78(11):1690-5.
   
• A Method to Localize the Radial Nerve Using the 'Apex of Triceps Aponeurosis' as a Landmark.   Author: Arora S, Goel N, Cheema GS, Batra S, Maini L.      Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2011 Sep;469(9):2638-44.
   
• Compression Plating Versus Intramedullary Fixation of Humeral Shaft Fractures Author: Paul R. Gregory, MD, and Roy W. Sanders, MD Journal: JAAOS Volume: Vol. 5, No. 4, July/Aug 1997, pp 215-223
   
• Fixation of Fractures of the Shaft of the Humerus by Dynamic Compression Plate or Intramedullary Nail: A Prospective, Randomised Trial Author: McCormack, R. G.; Brien, D.; Buckley, R. E.; McKee, M. D.; Powell, J.; Schemitsch, E. H. Journal: JBJS(Br) Volume: Vol. 82-B, No. 3, April 2000, pp 336-339
   
• Randomized Prospective Study of Humeral Shaft Fracture Fixation: Intramedullary Nails Versus Plates  Author: Chapman, Jens R.; Henley, M. Bradford; Agel, Julie; Benca, Paul J.* Journal: JOT Volume: Vol. 14, No. 3, March/April 2000, pp 162-166
   
• Plate Versus Intramedullary Nail Fixation in the Treatment of Humeral Shaft Fractures: An Updated Meta-Analysis Author: Ouyang H, Xiong J, Xiang P, Cui Z, Chen L, Yu B.J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 2013 Mar;22(3):387-95
   
• A meta-analysis of plate fixation versus intramedullary nailing for humeral shaft fractures. Wang X, Chen Z, Shao Y, et al. J Orthop Sci. 2013 May;18(3):388-97.
   
• Effect of Immediate Weightbearing on Plated Fractures of the Humeral Shaft Author: Edwin M. Tingstad, MD, Philip R. Wolinsky, MD, Yu Shyr, PhD, and Kenneth D. Johnson, MD Journal: TRAUMA Volume: Vol. 49, No. 2, Aug 2000, pp 278-280
   

PROXIMAL HUMERUS

• See “Shoulder” section
   

PEDIATRIC SUPRACONDYLAR

• Natural History of Unreduced Gartland Type-II Supracondylar Fractures of the Humerus in Children: A Two to Thirteen-Year Follow-up Study. Author: Moraleda L, Valencia M, Barco R, González-Moran G. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2013 Jan 2;95(1):28-34.
   
• Type II Supracondylar Humerus Fractures: Can Some be Treated Nonoperatively? Author: Spencer HT, Dorey FJ, Zionts LE, Dichter DH, Wong MA, Moazzaz P, Silva M. J Pediatr Orthop. 2012 Oct-Nov; 32(7)
   
• Supracondylar Humeral Fractures in Children: Beware the Medial Spike.   Author: Lim KB, Lim CT, Tawng DK    Bone Joint J. 2013 Sep; 95-B(9):1290-4.
   
• Management of the pulseless pediatric supracondylar humeral fracture. Author: Badkoobehi H, Choi PD, Bae DS, et al. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2015 Jun 3;97(11):937-43.